Cleisthenes- definitely a member of the elite; very rich
- insulated from the "hoi polloi"
- crafty politician
- saw the value of tapping into the talents, intelligence, and energies of the non- aristocrats... if only he gave women some power.
- What Cleisthenes did was a huge step forward- getting "regular folks" involved in governing.
- citizens could participate- but only 1/5 of Athenians were citizens (free adult male property owners born in Athens)
After several years... direct democracy
- where the state is ruled by citizens
- rule is based on citizenship
- majority rule decides on the vote
- in the agora, citizens argued, made speeches, and then voted with white stone for yes and black stones for no
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